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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke ： ウィキペディア英語版 Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare ( – 6 January 1148), was created Earl of Pembroke in 1138. He was nicknamed Strongbow.〔He was called 'Strongbow' but his son Richard is much more readily associated with that nickname.〕 ==Life== Born at Tonbridge, Gilbert de Clare was a son of Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare and Alice de Claremont.〔George Edward Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and All its Members from the Earliest Times'', Vol. X, Eds. H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, & Howard de Walden (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1945), p. 348〕 He started out without land and wealth of his own but was closely related to very powerful men, specifically his uncles Walter de Clare and Roger de Clare.〔David Walker, ''Medieval Wales'' (Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 40〕 In 1136 Gilbert fitz Gilbert led an expedition against Exmes and burned parts of the town, including the church of Notre Dame, but was interrupted by the forces of William III, Count of Ponthieu and escaped the resulting melee only after suffering heavy losses.〔George Edward Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and All its Members from the Earliest Times'', Vol. X, Eds. H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, & Howard de Walden (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1945), p. 348, & footnote (a)〕 Gilbert was a Baron, that is, a tenant-in-chief in England, and inherited the estates of his paternal uncles, Roger and Walter, which included the baronies and castles of Bienfaite and Orbec in Normandy. He held the lordship of Nether Gwent and the castle of Striguil (later Chepstow). King Stephen created him Earl of Pembroke, and gave him the rape and castle of Pevensey. After Stephen's defeat at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, Gilbert was among those who rallied to Empress Matilda when she recovered London in June, but he was at Canterbury when Stephen was recrowned late in 1141.〔J. H. Round, ''Geoffrey de Mandeville'' (Longmans, Green, 1892), p. 158〕 He then joined Geoffrey's plot against Stephen, but when that conspiracy collapsed, he again adhered to Stephen, being with him at the siege of Oxford late in 1142. In 1147 he rebelled when Stephen refused to give him the castles surrendered by his nephew Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Hertford, whereupon the King marched to his nearest castle and nearly captured him. However, the Earl appears to have made his peace with Stephen before his death the following year.〔Paul Dalton, Graeme J. White. ''King Stephen's Reign (1135-1154)''King Stephen's Reign (1135-1154)'' (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2008), pp. 88-89〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.